Le polar, genre préféré des français

Mai 18, 2011 | Culture, Edition | 83 comments

Le roman noir s’est rarement aussi bien porté. Son succès ne se dément pas et un livre acheté sur quatre est un polar. Il est devenu aujourd’hui un genre majeur de la littérature.

Autrefois on achetait un « petit polar » pour le voyage faisant confiance à une collection et non à un auteur. C’était le temps du « roman de gare », un genre de collection populaire qui est dorénavant remplacé par la télévision et les séries policières.

Aujourd’hui l’image du roman policier et du lectorat ont évolué. Le lecteur des policiers est devenu un spécialiste qui choisit un auteur et le suit.

Selon l’enquête du ministère de la culture, effectuée tous les 10 ans, sur les « pratiques culturelles des français »  http://www.pratiquesculturelles.culture.gouv.fr/, le policier est devenu le genre de livres le plus souvent lu. Ses ventes progressent régulièrement et son public appartient à toutes les couches de la société.

Et 70 % des lecteurs sont des lectrices. Et plus elles sont jeunes et cultivées, plus cette tendance s’accentue.

Pourquoi un tel engouement ?

On remarque que cette littérature populaire élève son niveau de qualité par le style, la construction et l’univers.

Et les lecteurs veulent tout simplement qu’on leur raconte une histoire, bien construite, avec une écriture qui séduit et des personnages qui sont capables de les tenir en haleine jusqu’au bout de la nuit. Et c’est ce qu’ils trouvent dans ces romans bien ficelés.

Petits, nous lisons des contes avec des sorcières, des loups et des monstres qui mangent des enfants. Adultes, nous nous plongeons dans les romans policiers cherchant la transgression, le frisson, en restant confortablement assis dans notre fauteuil jusqu’à la dernière page ou tout doit rentrer dans l’ordre.

La force de ces fictions noires, c’est d’explorer l’inhumain, d’aller au bout de la violence, à l’origine du mal. Elles nous parlent aussi de la mort.

Et peut-être que ces histoires collent à notre époque, à sa violence.

Car toutes les époques ont des genres littéraires afin de jouer un rôle moteur dans la culture populaire.

Aujourd’hui, voici l’ère du polar.

Et l’édition, qui a toujours été soumise aux phénomènes de mode, suit le mouvement.

Tous les éditeurs espèrent la manne céleste en créant une collection noire.

Il existe une multitude de genre pour la littérature noire : romans noirs, polar, suspens, thriller, historique, polar ethnique, géopolitique, écologique, médical, technologique, rural mais aussi fantastique ou de science-fiction.

Au top des meilleures ventes, on trouve Dan Brown, Camilla Läckberg, Harlan Coben, Maxime Chattam ou Patricia Cornwell.

Et depuis une dizaine d’années, une vague nordique déferle, ce qui pousse tous les éditeurs à publier du polar suédois, danois, norvégien, islandais…mais pas toujours avec le même succès spectaculaire que celui de Millenium.

La posture condescendante vis-à-vis de ce genre littéraire s’est modifiée mais la littérature noire reste encore victime de son statut de littérature de genre, avec les limitations qu’une telle étiquette implique.

Et pour en finir pour de bon avec cette distinction, pourquoi ne pas voir un jour un auteur de polar remporter le prix Nobel de littérature ?!

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